虚拟货币“挖矿”行为违法性质知识科普
本帖最后由 仙女有只猫 于 2024-5-6 18:50 编辑 <br /><br /><div class="wx_rich_media_content" id="jsWxContainer"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><font size="5"><br></font></section><section style="line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="5"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></font></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="text-align: center;justify-content: center;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;align-self: center;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="background-color: rgb(61, 61, 61);height: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 53px;background-color: rgba(116, 159, 238, 0.29);flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: center;margin-right: 10px;margin-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: rotateZ(135deg);-webkit-transform: rotateZ(135deg);-moz-transform: rotateZ(135deg);-o-transform: rotateZ(135deg);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="margin: 2px 0% 13px;justify-content: center;transform: translate3d(3px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(3px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(3px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(3px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 18px;height: 18px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-style: solid;border-width: 3px 3px 0px 0px;border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255) rgb(255, 255, 255) rgb(62, 62, 62) rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"><section><font size="5"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></font></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;align-self: center;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="background-color: rgb(61, 61, 61);height: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="5"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></font></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: flex; flex-flow: row nowrap; justify-content: flex-start; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;flex: 0 0 auto;align-self: center;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;border-left: 3px solid rgb(169, 207, 245);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: translate3d(3px, 0px, 0px);justify-content: flex-start;margin-top: 15px;margin-bottom: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 0px;height: 0px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-style: solid;border-width: 6px 0px 6px 10px;border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) rgb(255, 216, 83);box-sizing: border-box;"><section><font size="5"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></font></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;flex: 0 0 auto;align-self: center;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="justify-content: flex-start;transform: translate3d(-4px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-4px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-4px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-4px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="5"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一、什么是虚拟货币？什么是虚拟货币“挖矿”？</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"></strong></font></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgba(169, 207, 245, 0.1);box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="5"><section style="line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section style="line-height: 2;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="padding-right: 15px; padding-left: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; margin-bottom: 8px; box-sizing: border-box;">虚拟货币以数字化形式存在于网络世界中，它不是真正意义上的货币，不具有法偿性和强制性等货币属性，也不具有与货币等同的法律地位，不能且不应作为货币在市场上流通使用，投资和交易虚拟货币的行为也不受法律保护。</p><p style="padding-right: 15px; padding-left: 15px; letter-spacing: 1px; box-sizing: border-box;">虚拟货币“挖矿”活动指通过专用“矿机”计算生产虚拟货币的过程，能源消耗和碳排放量大，对国民经济贡献度低，对产业发展、科技进步等带动作用有限，加之虚拟货币生产、交易环节衍生的风险越发突出，其盲目无序发展对推动经济社会高质量发展和节能减排带来不利影响。</p></section><section style="line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section></font></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="5"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></font></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: flex; flex-flow: row nowrap; justify-content: flex-start; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;flex: 0 0 auto;align-self: center;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;border-left: 3px solid rgb(169, 207, 245);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: translate3d(3px, 0px, 0px);justify-content: flex-start;margin-top: 15px;margin-bottom: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 0px;height: 0px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-style: solid;border-width: 6px 0px 6px 10px;border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) rgb(255, 216, 83);box-sizing: border-box;"><section><font size="5"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></font></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;flex: 0 0 auto;align-self: center;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="justify-content: flex-start;transform: translate3d(-4px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-4px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-4px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-4px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="text-align: justify; letter-spacing: 1px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="5">二、“挖矿”的危害</font></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgba(169, 207, 245, 0.1);box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="5"><section style="line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section style="line-height: 2; padding-right: 20px; padding-left: 20px; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="margin-bottom: 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一是</strong>会造成大量的能源消耗和碳排放，违背新发展理念，不利于国家碳达峰、碳中和目标的实现。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">二是</strong>消耗大量计算资源，使系统、软件、应用服务运行缓慢，个人电脑或服务器一旦被“挖矿”程序控制，则会造成数据泄露或感染病毒，容易引发网络安全问题。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">三是</strong>扰乱正常的金融秩序甚至社会秩序，其往往成为洗钱、非法转移资产等违法犯罪活动的工具；更有犯罪团伙通过向社会公众推销购买虚拟货币“挖矿”设备，或以租赁“挖矿”算力为由，吸引投资者购买算力份额，骗取居民个人钱财，影响社会秩序稳定。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">四是</strong>存在部分国有单位职工利用国家资源、公共资源谋利，是典型的公私不分、损公肥私行为，严重违反党纪政纪，严重影响国家对虚拟货币“挖矿”行为的整治成效。</p></section><section style="line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section></font></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="5"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></font></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: flex; flex-flow: row nowrap; justify-content: flex-start; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;flex: 0 0 auto;align-self: center;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;border-left: 3px solid rgb(169, 207, 245);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: translate3d(3px, 0px, 0px);justify-content: flex-start;margin-top: 15px;margin-bottom: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 0px;height: 0px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-style: solid;border-width: 6px 0px 6px 10px;border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) rgb(255, 216, 83);box-sizing: border-box;"><section><font size="5"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></font></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;flex: 0 0 auto;align-self: center;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="justify-content: flex-start;transform: translate3d(-4px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-4px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-4px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-4px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="text-align: justify; letter-spacing: 1px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="5">三、“挖矿”活动违法性质</font></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgba(169, 207, 245, 0.1);box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="5"><section style="line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section style="line-height: 2; padding-right: 20px; padding-left: 20px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="margin-bottom: 8px; box-sizing: border-box;">虚拟货币“挖矿”活动已被列入《产业结构调整指导目录》（2019年本）淘汰类，属“落后生产工艺装备”范畴。虚拟货币“挖矿”活动违反《中华人民共和国民法典》《中华人民共和国循环经济促进法(2018修正)》《中华人民共和国节约能源法》等法律法规。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 8px; box-sizing: border-box;">（一）《中华人民共和国民法典》第九条：民事主体从事民事活动，应当有利于节约资源、保护生态环境。</p><p style="margin-bottom: 8px; box-sizing: border-box;">（二）《中华人民共和国循环经济促进法(2018修正)》第五十条：生产、销售列入淘汰名录的产品、设备的，依照《中华人民共和国产品质量法》的规定处罚。使用列入淘汰名录的技术、工艺、设备、材料的，由县级以上地方人民政府循环经济发展综合管理部门责令停止使用，没收违法使用的设备、材料，并处五万元以上二十万元以下的罚款；情节严重的，由县级以上人民政府循环经济发展综合管理部门提出意见，报请本级人民政府按照国务院规定的权限责令停业或者关闭。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">（三）《中华人民共和国节约能源法》第七十一条：使用国家明令淘汰的用能设备或者生产工艺的，由管理节能工作的部门责令停止使用，没收国家明令淘汰的用能设备；情节严重的，可以由管理节能工作的部门提出意见，报请本级人民政府按照国务院规定的权限责令停业整顿或者关闭。</p></section><section style="line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section></font></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="5"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></font></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: flex; flex-flow: row nowrap; justify-content: flex-start; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;flex: 0 0 auto;align-self: center;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;border-left: 3px solid rgb(169, 207, 245);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: translate3d(3px, 0px, 0px);justify-content: flex-start;margin-top: 15px;margin-bottom: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 0px;height: 0px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-style: solid;border-width: 6px 0px 6px 10px;border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) rgb(255, 216, 83);box-sizing: border-box;"><section><font size="5"><svg viewBox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg></font></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;flex: 0 0 auto;align-self: center;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="justify-content: flex-start;transform: translate3d(-4px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-4px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-4px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-4px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="text-align: justify; letter-spacing: 1px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="5">四、案例解析</font></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgba(169, 207, 245, 0.1);box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="5"><section style="line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section style="line-height: 2; padding-right: 20px; padding-left: 20px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="margin-bottom: 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">案例一：</strong></p><p style="margin-bottom: 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">省内严查严处国有“挖矿”活动，多人被处分</strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">经肇水发展公司纪委调查，确认公司某员工存在“挖矿”行为。肇庆市水务集团公司及肇水发展公司对当事人1人作出解除劳动关系、追缴其占用公司资源“挖矿”期间所耗电费5318.6元，追缴所获收益4772.89元等处理；对相关领导责任人10人作行政撤职、扣罚绩效、党内问责通报或谈话提醒等处理，对3个相关管理部门作通报批评或扣罚绩效等处理。揭阳市公安局某分局郑某某将自行购买的四台计算机安装在单位维修备勤室，共挖到大约0.8个以太币，获利13000元，该分局对相关“挖矿”设备进行了封存，郑某某受到批评教育，责令作出检讨，并被调离原工作单位。</p></section><section style="line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section style="line-height: 2; padding-right: 20px; padding-left: 20px; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="margin-bottom: 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">案例二：</strong></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">利用办公电脑“挖矿”，受党内警告处分</span></strong></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">绍兴市上虞区职业教育中心机房管理员丁某某伙同劳务派遣人员何某某，利用办公电脑并购置3台“矿机”放置于信息技术楼，从事挖取渡鸦币活动累计111天，获利1.5万元，丁某某受到党内警告处分并扣除绩效考核奖3个月；何某某被解聘。湖州市德清县自然资源和规划局下属事业单位地理信息中心副主任虞某及工作人员吴某某利用办公电脑“挖矿”，分别挖得以太币0.03枚、0.76枚（查获时该币价值为每枚22560元），虞某受到批评教育，责令作出检查，并扣除一个季度绩效考核奖金，吴某某受到党内警告处分并扣除三个季度绩效考核奖金。（案例来源：中央纪委国家监委网站）</p></section><section style="line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 2; padding-right: 20px; padding-left: 20px; box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style="margin-bottom: 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">案例三：</strong></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">虚拟货币“挖矿”相关协议，不受法律保护</strong></span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 8px; box-sizing: border-box;">丰复久信公司与中研智创公司签订合同，委托中研智创公司采购、管理微型存储空间服务器（即“矿机”），开展比特币挖矿活动并支付收益。合同履行期间，中研智创公司仅支付丰复久信公司18.3463个比特币，此后再未支付其他收益。丰复久信公司多次催要无果后，诉至法院，请求法院判令中研智创公司交付278.1654976个比特币，同时赔偿服务到期后占用微型存储空间服务器的损失。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">朝阳法院经审理认为，丰复久信公司和中研智创公司在明知“挖矿”及比特币交易存在风险，且相关部门明确禁止比特币相关交易的情况下，仍签订代为“挖矿”协议，此协议应属无效，因此产生的相关财产权益亦不应受到法律保护，上述行为造成的后果应由当事人自行承担。最终，法院认定双方合同无效，判决驳回丰复久信公司的全部诉讼请求。</p></section></font></section></section></section></div><p></p> LTC - DOGE 🔥热门机DG1 11G ¥5xxxx
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